Nanotechnology: the known unknowns

Gaps in our knowledge of the technology include questions such as: can nanoparticles used in food packaging be absorbed by the food inside? In the recycling of nanomaterials, do chemical particles end up in effluent, and to what effect? What is the life cycle of the particles in the human body?

The gaps are real, but Gardner says it's not yet time to panic. "To put it in perspective, as of today, the levels of risk are very low, but the reason is because (nanotechnology is) only really being used in significant amounts in very highly sophisticated, well-controlled research laboratories," he says.

"The next step, when it becomes business as usual, that's my biggest concern,” says Gardner, who recommends that, until all that work has been done, we tread carefully.

While there are gaps in our understanding of nanotechnology and its effects, the best way to avoid a repeat of the effects we witnessed - and are witnessing still - from the use of asbestos is to proceed cautiously. Doing so requires a regulatory framework within which employers, employees and consumers can operate, as well as the full involvement of these communities so that they are informed and armed with the right tools to make choices and avoid risk.