Readers interested to know why the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) declared 2021 as International Year of Peace and Trust (IYPT) will discover that mainstream media ignored this diplomatic decision of the world organisation. The probable reason for such attitude is the sad fact that 2021 is the second year of the Covid-19 pandemic during which the world community of nations is confronted with an invisible enemy which is seriously affecting peace and trust.
The current world is characterized by global vulnerabilities, perplexities and discontinuities affecting global, regional and inter-regional cooperation in all fields. As a result of the Covid-19 pandemic many elements of instability and unpredictability have an increased negative impact on international arena and on its actors.
Noble objectives
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However , even if this is an undeniable reality, the noble objectives of a great number of countries who proposed the proclamation of the IYPT cannot be underestimated.
Indeed, when UNGA adopted by consensus on 12 September 2019 the relevant resolution on the IYPT, 193 members of the world organization were convinced that such a Year constitutes a means of mobilizing the efforts of the international community to promote peace and trust among nations based on, inter alia, political dialogue, mutual understanding and cooperation, in order to build sustainable peace, solidarity and harmony.
In the same spirit, the UNGA acknowledged that the approach of multilateralism and diplomacy could reinforce the advancement of the three pillars of the UN, namely, sustainable development, peace and security, and human rights, which are interconnected and mutually reinforcing.
In more practical terms , the UNGA recognized the importance of the Declaration and Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace, which serve as the universal mandate for the international community, particularly the UN system, for the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence that benefits humanity, in particular future generations.
In operational terms, the UNGA called upon the international community to continue to promote peace and trust among nations as a value that promotes sustainable development, peace and security, and human rights.
Therefore, the UNGA invited all member states, organizations of the UN system, other relevant international and regional organizations and civil society, including non-governmental organizations, individuals and other relevant stakeholders, to facilitate the observance of the IYPT, in an appropriate manner and to disseminate the advantages of peace and trust, including through educational and public awareness-raising activities.
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Unfortunately, because of the pandemic Covid -19 the organization of such activities is still on the waiting list worldwide. Moreover, on the whole planet we witness an acute form of trust deficit syndrome, a crisis of trust in national institutions, while trust in global governance is also fragile and global peace- a supreme value of humanity- is still a noble dream.
Towards a culture of peace
When the draft resolution summarized above was submitted, it was emphasized that peace and trust represent acceptance and respect and embody mutual understanding and the recognition of diversity in all its myriad forms. Diversity enriches and strengthens the foundations of life itself, and the recognition of diversity ensures peaceful coexistence to a greater degree even than tolerance.
We were reminded that history had repeatedly shown that decisions to shun peace and embrace extremes in any form can trigger conflict and discontent and ultimately lead to war and untold suffering. On the other hand ,sponsors of the resolution believed that peace and trust, on the contrary, can mitigate or prevent such consequences. That is why it is crucial to view peace and trust as fundamental conditions in international relations around the world, as in some parts of which the task of establishing peace continues to be very difficult to accomplish.
In acknowledging that an approach founded on trust can help to achieve peaceful coexistence, the sponsors of the resolution considered that peace and trust in all of their manifestations can help to facilitate the future development of friendly relations among states and thus contribute to advancing a culture of peace.
It has also been recognized that while there are many obstacles to establishing a culture of peace and trust, the difficulties can all be overcome and in our changing world the task of building and maintaining good relations among states and strengthening a spirit of partnership and mutually beneficial cooperation is especially urgent.
All these ideas expressed on 12 September 2019 by the delegations that have sponsored the resolution under consideration are valid in 2021 as they were at the time the resolution was adopted.
Further developments
The most significant event related to the IYPT, but not specifically dedicated to it, is resolution 2565 (2021) unanimously adopted by the UN Security Council on 26 February 2021.
This diplomatic document starts by reminding inter alia an UNGA resolution 74/274, entitledGlobal solidarity to fight the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) adopted on 2 April 2020.In this resolution the UNGA “Expresses optimism that the unprecedented crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic can be mitigated and successfully reversed through leadership and sustained global cooperation and solidarity”.
Developing further this idea, the UN Security Council reaffirmed that “combating and sustainably recovering from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic requires greater national, regional, and international cooperation and solidarity, and a coordinated, inclusive, comprehensive and global international response with the UN playing a key role”.
The Security Council demanded that “all parties to armed conflicts engage immediately in a durable, extensive, and sustained humanitarian pause to facilitate, inter alia, the equitable, safe and unhindered delivery and distribution of Covid-19 vaccinations in areas of armed conflict.”
From this comprehensive resolution,( too large to be presented in detail in these pages), we reproduce a most topical operational paragraph by which the Security Council “Emphasises the urgent need for solidarity, equity, and efficacy and invites donation of vaccine doses from developed economies and all those in a position to do so to low- and middle-income countries and other countries in need, particularly through the COVAX Facility, including on the basis of the WHO allocation framework in addition to country-specific frameworks, for fair access and equitable allocation of Covid-19 health products”.
This paragraph develops in operational terms an idea strongly expressed in the preamble of the resolution. According to the preamble ,the Security Council emphasizes “the unity, common origin and solidarity of mankind, and the need for intensified international collaboration in the face of the common threat of pandemics, in particular by enabling equitable global access to quality, safe, efficacious and affordable diagnostics, therapeutics, medicines and vaccines, and essential health technologies, and their components, as well as equipment for the COVID-19 response.”
What next ?
There are eight more months until the end of 2021 and specific activities dedicated to the IYPT can be organized worldwide. The list of sponsors of the resolution proclaiming the IYPT is a long and representative one, including among others countries Canada, Norway, Ireland, India, Indonesia, China, Russian Federation, Brazil, Pakistan, Thailand, Turkmenistan and Vietnam. The sponsors of the resolution can offer a good example of inspiring activities for the promotion of peace , trust and solidarity, considering that the unprecedented extent of the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security.
In the process of celebration of the IYPT member states could make an effort to further define trust as a value binding them in their mutual relations, having in mind that trust is a central part of all human relationships, including partnerships, business operations, politics and diplomatic practices. The concept of confidence-building measures which is already familiar in multilateral diplomacy practiced under the UN auspices might provide some useful guidance in defining trust.