An open letter to Pope Francis on climate change
Your Holiness:
April 27, 2015-As world leaders contemplate a climate agreement, many look to you for guidance. We commend you for your care for the earth and God's children, especially the poor. With this letter we raise some matters of concern that we ask you to consider as you convey that guidance.
Much of the debate over environmental stewardship is rooted in a clash of worldviews, with conflicting doctrines of God, creation, humanity, sin, and salvation. Unfortunately, that clash often works its way into the very conclusions of environmental science. Rather than a careful reporting of the best evidence, we get highly speculative and theory-laden conclusions presented as the assured results of science. In the process, science itself is diminished, and many well-meaning moral and religious leaders risk offering solutions based on misleading science. The effect, tragically, is that the very people we seek to help could be harmed instead.
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This is especially tragic since science itself arose in Medieval Europe, the one culture nurtured for centuries in the Biblical picture of reality that encouraged the scientific endeavor. This truth is commonplace to a wide and diverse array of historians and philosophers of science. As Alfred North Whitehead elaborated:
The greatest contribution of medievalism to the formation of the scientific movement [was] the inexpugnable belief that … there is a secret, a secret which can be unveiled. How has this conviction been so vividly implanted in the European mind? … It must come from the medieval insistence on the rationality of God, conceived as with the personal energy of Jehovah and with the rationality of a Greek philosopher. Every detail was supervised and ordered: the search into nature could only result in the vindication of the faith in rationality.
In Whitehead's estimation, other religions' ideas of a god or gods could not sustain such an understanding of the universe. On their presuppositions, any "occurrence might be due [as with animism or polytheism] to the fiat of an irrational despot" or [as with pantheism and atheist materialism] "some impersonal, inscrutable origin of things. There is not the same confidence as [with Biblical theism] in the intelligible rationality of a personal being."
In short, the Biblical worldview launched science as a systematic endeavor to understand the real world by a rigorous process of testing hypotheses by real-world observation. Nobel Prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman explained "the key to science" this way:
In general we look for a new law by the following process. First we guess it. Then we compute the consequences of the guess to see what would be implied if this law that we guessed is right. Then we compare the result of the computation to nature, with experiment or experience, compare it directly with observation, to see if it works. If it disagrees with experiment it is wrong. In that simple statement is the key to science. It does not make any difference how beautiful your guess is. It does not make any difference how smart you are, who made the guess, or what his name is-if it disagrees with experiment it is wrong. That is all there is to it.
That statement, simple yet profound and absolutely essential to the practice of genuine science, follows necessarily-and only-from the Biblical worldview.
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Christian and Jewish scholars have performed high-quality science for centuries. They are confident that good science leads toward and will not conflict with the truth about God and man. That is why there is a Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and why for centuries there have been science faculties in thousands of Jewish and Christian colleges and universities around the world.
As people of Biblical faith, then, we have a commitment not only to truth, but also to the practice of science as one path to truth. Today, when scientists run complex climate models on powerful computers to simulate immeasurably more complex natural systems like the earth's climate, we must not forget our commitment to truth or that "key to science." Our models can become "seductive simulations," as sociologist of science Myanna Lahsen put it, with the modelers, other scientists, the public, and policymakers easily forgetting that the models are not reality but must be tested by it. If their output disagrees with observation, the models, not nature, must be corrected.
Alongside good science in our approach to climate policy must be two preferential options: for humanity and, among humanity, for the poor. By this we do not mean to pit humanity against nature, any more than to pit the poor against the rich. Rather, we mean that because humanity alone bears the imago Dei, any effort to protect the environment must put at its center human well-being, and in particular the well-being of the poor, because they are the more vulnerable, the less able to protect themselves. As King David wrote, "Blessed is he who considers the poor! The Lord delivers him in the day of trouble" (Psalm 41:1, RSV). Good climate policy must recognize human exceptionalism, the God-given call for human persons to "have dominion" in the natural world (Genesis 1:28), and the need to protect the poor from harm, including actions that hinder their ascent out of poverty.
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Republished by permission of The Cornwall Alliance for the Stewardship of Creation. To see a list of signers or to add your endorsement, go to www.ClimateLetterToPopeFrancis.org.
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About the Author
Endorsers of "An Open Letter to Pope Francis on Climate Change" 1. Fr. E. Paul Acton, M.Div./S.T.B. (Divinity/Theology), Reverend Father, Roman Catholic Church, Canada
2. Robert V. Acuff, Ph.D. (Nutritional Biochemistry), Professor of
Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University,
Mountain Home, TN, USA 3. Michael W. Asten, Ph.D. (Geophysics), Professor of Geophysics, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia 4. William D. Balgord, Ph.D. (Geochemistry), President, Environmental & Resources Technology, Inc., Middleton, WI, USA 5. Tim Ball, Ph.D. (Geography), Professor of Climatology (retired), University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
6. Stephen M. Barr, Ph.D. (Physics), Fellow of the American Physical
Society, Professor, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Delaware, Newark, DE, USA 7. Joseph M. Bastardi, B.S. (Meteorology), Chief meteorologist, Weatherbell Analytics, Boalsburg, PA, USA 8. Gary L. Bauer, J.D., President, American Values, Arlington, VA, USA
9. E. Calvin Beisner, Ph.D. (History), Founder and National Spokesman,
The Cornwall Alliance for the Stewardship of Creation, Burke, VA, USA 10. Edwin X. Berry, Ph.D. (Physics), President, Climate Physics LLC, Bigfork, MT, USA
11. Prince Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza, J.D., author of Psicose
Ambientalista (Environmental Madness), Director of Paz no Campo, Brazil
12. Donna Fitzpatrick Bethell, B.A. (Physics), Juris Doctor, Chairman
of the Board, Christendom College, former United States Under Secretary
of Energy, Washington, DC, and Director, Science and Environmental
Policy Project, Fairfax, VA, USA 13. David L. Black, Ph.D., (Legal
Medicine: Forensic Toxicology), Clinical Associate
Professor/CEO/Founder/Chairman, Vanderbilt University/Aegis Sciences
Corporation, Nashville, TN, USA 14. Rev. Jeffrey K. Boer, D.Min. (Practical Theology), Pastor of Sharon Orthodox Presbyterian Church, Hialeah, FL, USA 15. Kevin Boling, Pastor, Mountain Bridge Bible Fellowship, Host, Knowing The Truth Radio Program, Greenville, SC, USA
16. H. Sterling Burnett, Ph.D. (Applied Philosophy, Specialization
Environmental Ethics), Research Fellow, The Heartland Institute,
Rowlette, TX, USA 17. Xavier Calmet, Ph.D. (Dr. rer. nat., Physics), Professor of Physics, University of Sussex, Brighton, England, UK
18. James E. Campbell, Ph.D. (Physics), Distinguished Member of the
Technical Staff, Sandia National Laboratories, Retired, Albuquerque, New
Mexico, USA 19. Joseph L. Campbell, Ph.D. (Mechanical Engineering), Professor, University of North Florida, Retired, FL, USA 20. Davis Carman, M.S. (Mechanical Engineering), President, Apologia Educational Ministries, Inc., Anderson, IN, USA 21. Ronald S. Carson, Ph.D. (Nuclear Engineering), Adjunct Professor, Engineering, Seattle Pacific University, Renton, WA, USA 22. Robert M. Carter, Ph.D. (Geology), Institute of Public Affairs, Melbourne, Australia
23. Kevin L. Clauson, M.A., J.D., Vice President of Academics and
Professor of Government and Law, Director, Center for Faith, Freedom,
and Constitution, Bryan College, Dayton, TN, USA 24. Charles A.
Clough, M.S. (Atmospheric Science), Th.M. (Old Testament and Semitics),
Retired Chief, U.S. Army Atmospheric Effects Team, Aberdeen Proving
Ground, Adjunct Professor, Chafer Theological Seminary, Bel Air, MD, USA 25. Roger W. Cohen, Ph.D. (Physics), Fellow, American Physical Society, Durango, CO, USA
26. Mark Coppenger, Ph.D. (Philosophy), Professor of Christian
Apologetics, Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, Louisville, KY, USA
27. Kenneth A. Cornelius, M.S. (Environmental Engineering), Senior
Program Manager, Argonne National Laboratory (Retired); Former Director
Environmental Policy, Office of Deputy Asst. Secretary of Defense for
Environment, Safety and Occupational Health; Former Asst. Professor of
Civil Engineering, US Air Force Academy, Retired, USA 28. Janice Shaw Crouse, Ph.D. (Communication Theory), Executive Director, World Congress of Families–IX, Rockford, IL, USA 29. Walter Cunningham, M.S. (Physics), Apollo 7 Astronaut, Houston, TX, USA
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Honorary Ph.D., Chief Meteorologist, Weatherbell Analytics LLC, Fellow
of the American Meteorological Society, Hudson, NH, USA 31. Willem de Lange, Ph.D. (Earth Sciences), Senior Lecturer in Earth Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand 32. William A. Dembski, Ph.D. (Mathematics), Senior Fellow, Discovery Institute, Pella, IA, USA
33. Trey Dimsdale, J.D., Associate Director and Research Fellow, The
Richard Land Center for Cultural Engagement, Southwestern Baptist
Theological Seminary, Ft. Worth, TX, USA 34. Harold H. Doiron, Ph.D., Chairman, The Right Climate Stuff Research Team, Pearland, TX, USA 35. Paul K. Driessen, J.D., Senior Policy Analyst, Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow, Fairfax, VA, USA 36. Robert Du Broy, B.S. (Biology), MBA, Catholic Media Consultant, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
37. Duane A. Dunham, Th.D. (New Testament), Professor (Retired) of New
Testament Language and Exegesis, Western Conservative Baptist
Theological Seminary, Portland, OR, USA 38. Becky Norton Dunlop,
former Assistant Secretary, U.S. Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks
(1988–1989), Chairman, Conservative Action Project, Washington, DC, USA
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Station, TX, USA 40. Freeman J. Dyson, B.A. (Mathematics), Professor Emeritus, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
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Chicago Laboratory for Astrophysics, Mission Research Corporation,
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Department of Defense); former Professor of Physics, University of
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Gard, Jr., M.A. (Management), B.A. (Mathematics/Meteorology), NOAA,
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and Morality, The Discovery Institute, Seattle, WA; Editor in Chief of
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